Lumbar Puncture
(Spinal Tap)
A procedure in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis.
Duration
15-30 minutes
Discomfort
Mild discomfort or pressure sensation during needle insertion; local anesthetic minimizes pain
Description
A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the spinal canal to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. CSF surrounds the brain and spinal cord and can provide important diagnostic information.
Purpose & Uses
Procedure Steps
Patient lies on side in fetal position (or sits bent forward)
Back is cleaned with antiseptic solution
Local anesthetic is injected
Needle is carefully inserted between vertebrae into spinal canal
Cerebrospinal fluid is collected in sterile tubes
Needle is withdrawn
Bandage is applied to puncture site
CSF Analysis
- ✓ Cell count and differential
- ✓ Protein and glucose levels
- ✓ Gram stain and culture
- ✓ Viral or fungal testing
- ✓ Oligoclonal bands (for MS)
Results
Clear, acellular, normal protein and glucose
May show elevated white blood cells, elevated protein, low glucose, positive cultures, or other abnormalities
Risks (rare)
- • Infection
- • Bleeding
- • Nerve damage
- • Post-lumbar puncture headache (occurs in 10-25% of patients)
Preparation
- ✓ Inform physician of bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use
- ✓ Fasting may be required
- ✓ Empty bladder before procedure
- ✓ Wear loose, comfortable clothing
- ✓ Arrange transportation (patient should not drive after procedure)
Post-Procedure Care
- • Rest for several hours
- • Drink plenty of fluids
- • Lie flat for 30 minutes if post-LP headache develops
- • Avoid strenuous activity for 24 hours
- • Report severe headache, fever, or neurological symptoms
Related Conditions
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