Overview: A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked, either by a blood clot (ischemic stroke) or by bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). Strokes are medical emergencies that require immediate treatment to minimize brain damage and prevent disability or death.

Types of Stroke

  • Ischemic Stroke (85% of cases): Caused by a blood clot blocking an artery.
  • Hemorrhagic Stroke (15% of cases): Caused by bleeding in the brain.
  • Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Temporary blockage of blood flow, often a warning sign.

Risk Factors

  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Obesity
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Family history of stroke

Symptoms (Remember FAST)

  • Face: Drooping on one side
  • Arm: Weakness or numbness
  • Speech: Difficulty or slurring
  • Time: Call emergency (911 or local emergency number) immediately

Other symptoms include sudden vision loss, difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance, and severe headache.

Diagnosis

  • CT scan or MRI to identify the type of stroke
  • Blood tests to check clotting factors
  • Carotid ultrasound to assess blood vessel blockage
  • ECG to check heart rhythm
  • Echocardiogram if heart disease is suspected

Treatment Options

  • Acute Phase: Thrombolytic therapy (clot-busting medications) within 4.5 hours of symptom onset.
  • Mechanical Thrombectomy: Removal of blood clot using a catheter-based procedure.
  • Supportive Care: Blood pressure management, oxygen therapy, fluid management.
  • Rehabilitation: Physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy.

Prevention

  • Control blood pressure and cholesterol
  • Manage diabetes
  • Quit smoking
  • Maintain a healthy weight and engage in regular exercise
  • Adopt a healthy diet (Mediterranean diet recommended)
  • Manage stress
  • Limit alcohol consumption

Recovery & Rehabilitation

Most recovery occurs in the first 3-6 months after a stroke. Our comprehensive rehabilitation program includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and psychological support to help patients regain independence and quality of life.